Cisco Systems Network Card CE 100T 8 User Manual

C H A P T E R  
16  
CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
This chapter covers the operation of the CE-100T-8 (Carrier Ethernet) card supported on the ONS 15310  
(15310-CE-100T-8). A CE-100T-8 card is also supported on the ONS 15454 (15454-CE-100T-8).  
Provisioning is done through Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) or Transaction Language One (TL1).  
Cisco IOS is not supported on the CE-100T-8 card.  
For Ethernet card specifications, refer to the Cisco ONS 15310-CL Reference Manual. For step-by-step  
Ethernet card circuit configuration procedures and hard-reset and soft-reset procedures, refer to the  
Cisco ONS 15310-CL Procedure Guide. Refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command Guide for TL1  
provisioning commands. For specific details on ONS 15310-CL Ethernet card interoperability with other  
ONS platforms, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards” chapter of the Ethernet Card Software  
Feature and Configuration Guide for the ONS 15454 SDH, ONS 15454, and ONS 15327.  
Chapter topics include:  
CE-100T-8 Overview  
The CE-100T-8 is a Layer 1 mapper card with eight 10/100 Ethernet ports. It maps each port to a unique  
SONET circuit in a point-to-point configuration. Figure 16-1 illustrates a sample CE-100T-8  
application. In this example, data traffic from the Fast Ethernet port of a switch travels across the  
point-to-point circuit to the Fast Ethernet port of another switch.  
Figure 16-1 CE-100T-8 Point-to-Point Circuit  
Ethernet  
Ethernet  
Point-to-Point Circuit  
The CE-100T-8 cards allow you to provision and manage an Ethernet private line service like a  
traditional SONET line. CE-100T-8 card applications include providing Ethernet private line services  
and high-availability transport.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 Ethernet Features  
The CE-100T-8 card has symmetric flow control and proposes symmetric flow control when  
autonegotiating flow control with attached Ethernet devices. Symmetric flow control allows the  
CE-100T-8 cards to respond to pause frames sent from external devices and to send pause frames to  
external devices.  
The pause frame instructs the source to stop sending packets for a specific period of time. The sending  
station waits the requested amount of time before sending more data. Figure 16-2 illustrates pause  
frames being sent and received by CE-100T-8 cards and attached switches.  
Figure 16-2 Flow Control  
ONS 15310-CL  
ONS 15310-CL  
STS-N  
Ethernet  
Ethernet  
SONET  
Pause Frames  
Pause Frames  
This flow-control mechanism matches the sending and receiving device throughput to that of the  
bandwidth of the STS circuit. For example, a router might transmit to the Ethernet port on the CE-100T-8  
card. This particular data rate might occasionally exceed 51.84 Mbps, but the SONET circuit assigned  
to the CE-100T-8 port might be only STS-1 (51.84 Mbps). In this example, the CE-100T-8 sends out a  
pause frame and requests that the router delay its transmission for a certain period of time. With flow  
control and a substantial per-port buffering capability, a private line service provisioned at less than full  
line rate capacity (STS-1) is efficient because frame loss can be controlled to a large extent.  
Ethernet Link Integrity Support  
The CE-100T-8 supports end-to-end Ethernet link integrity (Figure 16-3). This capability is integral to  
providing an Ethernet private line service and correct operation of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols on the  
attached Ethernet devices.  
End-to-end Ethernet link integrity means that if any part of the end-to-end path fails, the entire path fails.  
It disables the Ethernet port on the CE-100T-8 card if the remote Ethernet port is unable to transmit over  
the SONET network or if the remote Ethernet port is disabled.  
Failure of the entire path is ensured by turning off the transmit pair at each end of the path. The attached  
Ethernet devices recognize the disabled transmit pair as a loss of carrier and consequently an inactive  
link or link fail.  
Figure 16-3 End-to-End Ethernet Link Integrity Support  
Ethernet port  
Ethernet port  
ONS 310  
ONS 310  
STS-N  
Rx  
Tx  
Rx  
Tx  
SONET  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 Ethernet Features  
Note  
Some network devices can be configured to ignore a loss of carrier condition. If a device configured to  
ignore a loss of carrier condition attaches to a CE-100T-8 card at one end, alternative techniques (such  
as use of Layer 2 or Layer 3 keep-alive messages) are required to route traffic around failures. The  
response time of such alternate techniques is typically much longer than techniques that use link state as  
indications of an error condition.  
IEEE 802.1Q CoS and IP ToS Queuing  
The CE-100T-8 references IEEE 802.1Q class of service (CoS) thresholds and IP type of service (ToS)  
(IP Differentiated Services Code Point [DSCP]) thresholds for priority queueing. CoS and ToS thresholds  
for the CE-100T-8 are provisioned on a per port level. This allows the user to provide priority treatment  
based on open standard quality of service (QoS) schemes already existing in the data network attached  
to the CE-100T-8. The QoS treatment is applied to both Ethernet and POS ports.  
Any packet or frame with a priority greater than the set threshold is treated as priority traffic. This  
priority traffic is sent to the priority queue instead of the normal queue. When buffering occurs, packets  
on the priority queue preempt packets on the normal queue. This results in lower latency for the priority  
traffic, which is often latency-sensitive traffic, such as VoIP.  
Because these priorities are placed on separate queues, the priority queuing feature should not be used  
to separate rate-based CIR/EIR marked traffic (sometimes done at a Metro Ethernet service provider  
edge). This could result in out-of-order packet delivery for packets of the same application, which would  
cause performance issues with some applications.  
For an IP ToS-tagged packet, the CE-100T-8 can map any of the 256 priorities specified in IP ToS to  
priority or best effort. The user can configure a different ToS on CTC at the card-level view under the  
Provisioning > Ether Ports tabs. Any ToS class higher than the class specified in CTC is mapped to the  
priority queue, which is the queue geared towards low latency. By default, the ToS is set to 255, which  
is the highest ToS value. This results in all traffic being treated with equal priority by default.  
Table 16-3 shows which values are mapped to the priority queue for sample IP ToS settings. (ToS  
settings span the full 0 to 255 range, but only selected settings are shown.)  
Table 16-1 IP ToS Priority Queue Mappings  
ToS Setting in CTC ToS Values Sent to Priority Queue  
255 (default)  
None  
250  
150  
100  
50  
251–255  
151–255  
101–255  
51–255  
1–255  
0
For a CoS-tagged frame, the CE-100T-8 can map the eight priorities specified in CoS to priority or best  
effort. The user can configure a different CoS on CTC at the card-level view under the Provisioning >  
Ether Ports tabs. Any CoS class higher than the class specified in CTC is mapped to the priority queue,  
which is the queue geared towards low latency. By default, the CoS is set to 7, which is the highest CoS  
value. This results in all traffic being treated with equal priority by default.  
Table 16-3 shows which values are mapped to the priority queue for CoS settings.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 Ethernet Features  
Table 16-2 CoS Priority Queue Mappings  
CoS Setting in CTC CoS Values Sent to Priority Queue  
7 (default)  
none  
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6, 7  
5, 6, 7  
4, 5, 6, 7  
3, 4, 5, 6, 7  
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7  
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7  
Ethernet frames without VLAN tagging use ToS-based priority queueing if both ToS and CoS priority  
queueing is active on the card. The CE-100T-8 card’s ToS setting must be lower than 255 (default) and  
the CoS setting lower than 7 (default) for CoS and ToS priority queueing to be active. A ToS setting of  
255 (default) disables ToS priority queueing, so in this case the CoS setting would be used.  
Ethernet frames with VLAN tagging use CoS-based priority queueing if both ToS and CoS are active on  
the card. The ToS setting is ignored. CoS based priority queueing is disabled if the CoS setting is the 7  
(default), so in this case the ToS setting would be used.  
If the CE-100T-8 card’s ToS setting is 255 (default) and the CoS setting is 7 (default), priority queueing  
is not active on the card, and data gets sent to the default normal traffic queue. Also if data is not tagged  
with a ToS value or a CoS value before it enters the CE-100T-8 card, it gets sent to the default normal  
traffic queue.  
Note  
Note  
Priority queuing has no effect when flow control is enabled (default) on the CE-100T-8. Under flow  
control a 6 kilobyte single-priority first in first out (FIFO) buffer fills, then a PAUSE frame is sent. This  
results in the packet ordering priority becoming the responsibility of the external device, which is  
buffering as a result of receiving the PAUSE flow-control frames.  
Priority queuing has no effect when the CE-100T-8 is provisioned with STS-3C circuits. The STS-3c  
circuit has more data capacity than Fast Ethernet, so CE-100T-8 buffering is not needed. Priority queuing  
only takes effect when buffering occurs.  
RMON and SNMP Support  
The CE-100T-8 card features remote monitoring (RMON) that allows network operators to monitor the  
health of the network with a network management system (NMS). The CE-100T-8 uses the ONG RMON.  
The ONG RMON contains the statistics, history, alarms, and events MIB groups from the standard  
RMON MIB, as well as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). A user can access RMON  
threshold provisioning through TL1 or CTC. For RMON threshold provisioning with CTC, see the  
Cisco ONS 15310-CL Procedure Guide and the Cisco ONS 15310-CL Troubleshooting Guide. For TL1  
information, see the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command Guide.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
Statistics and Counters  
The CE-100T-8 has a full range of Ethernet and POS statistics under Performance > Ether Ports or  
Performance > POS Ports. These are detailed in the “Performance Monitoring” chapter of the Cisco  
ONS 15310 Reference Manual.  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
The CE-100T-8 has eight POS ports, numbered one through eight, which are exposed to management  
with CTC or TL1. Each POS port is statically mapped to a matching Ethernet port. By clicking the  
card-level Provisioning tab > POS Ports tab, the user can configure the Administrative State, Framing  
Type, and Encapsulation Type. By clicking the card-level Performance tab > POS Ports tab, the user can  
view the statistics, utilization, and history for the POS ports.  
Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations  
Each POS port terminates an independent contiguous SONET concatenation (CCAT) or virtual SONET  
concatenation (VCAT). The SONET circuit is created for these ports through CTC or TL1 in the same  
manner as a SONET circuit for a non-Ethernet line card. Table 16-3 shows the circuit sizes available for  
the CE-100T-8 on the ONS 15310-CL.  
Table 16-3 CE-100T-8 Supported Circuit Sizes  
CCAT High Order  
STS-1  
VCAT High Order  
STS-1-1v  
VCAT Low Order  
VT1.5-nV (n= 1 to 64)  
STS-3c  
STS-1-2v  
STS-1-3v  
A single circuit provides a maximum of 100 Mbps of throughput, even when an STS-3c circuit, which  
has a bandwidth equivalent of 155 Mbps, is provisioned. This is due to the hardware restriction of the  
Fast Ethernet port. A VCAT circuit is also restricted in this manner. Table 16-3 shows the minimum  
SONET circuit sizes required for 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps wire speed service.  
Table 16-4 SONET Circuit Size Required for Ethernet Wire Speeds  
Ethernet Wire Speed CCAT High Order  
Line Rate 100BaseT STS-3c  
Sub Rate 100BaseT STS-1  
VCAT High Order  
VCAT Low Order  
STS-1-3v, STS-1-2v* Not applicable  
STS-1-1v  
VT1.5-xV (x=1-64)  
Line Rate 10BaseT  
Sub Rate 10BaseT  
STS-1  
Not applicable  
Not applicable  
VT1.5-7V  
Not applicable  
VT1.5-xV (x=1-6)  
*STS-1-2v provides a total transport capacity of 98 Mbps.  
The number of available circuits and total combined bandwidth for the CE-100T-8 depends on the  
combination of circuit sizes configured. Table 16-5 shows the circuit size combinations available for  
CE-100T-8 CCAT high-order circuits on the ONS 15310-CL. Table 16-6 shows the circuit size  
combinations available for CE-100T-8 VCAT high-order circuits on the ONS 15310-CL.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
Table 16-5 CCAT High Order Circuit Size Com binations  
Number of STS-3c Circuits  
Maximum Number of STS-1 Circuits  
None  
6
1
2
3
None  
Table 16-6 VCAT High Order Circuit Size Com binations  
Number of STS-1-3v Circuits  
Maximum Number of STS-1-2v Circuits  
None  
2
1
2
1
None  
The CE-100T-8 supports up to eight low order VCAT circuits. The available circuit sizes are VT1.5-nv,  
where n ranges from 1 to 64. The total number of VT members cannot exceed 168 VT1.5s with each of  
the two pools on the card supporting 84 VT1.5s. The user can create a maximum of two circuits at the  
largest low order VCAT circuit size, VT1.5-64v.  
A user can combine CCAT high order, VCAT high order, and VCAT low order circuits in any way as  
long as there is a maximum of eight circuits and the mapper chip bandwidth restrictions are observed.  
The following table details the maximum density service combinations.  
Table 16-7 CE-100T-8 Maxim um Service Densities  
Service  
Combination STS-1-3v  
STS-3c or  
Number of Active  
Service  
STS-1-2v  
STS-1  
VT1.5-xV (x=1-7)  
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
2
1
0
6
3
0
0
2
2
0
3
3
0
4
4
7(x=1-12)*  
0
8*  
4
5
6
6(x=1-14)  
7(x=1-12)*  
0
8
7
8*  
6
8
9
5(x=1-16)  
8 (x=1-21)  
8
10  
8
* This LO-VCAT Circuit combination is achievable if the first circuit created on the card is an LO VCAT circuit. If the first circuit  
created on the card is HO-VCAT or CCAT STS circuits, then a maximum of six LO-VCAT circuits can be added on the card.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab  
The CE-100T-8 has two pools, each with a maximum capacity of three STSs. At the CTC card-level view  
under the Maintenance tab, the STS/VT Allocation tab displays how the provisioned circuits populate  
the two pools. This information can be useful in freeing up the bandwidth required for provisioning a  
circuit, if there is not enough existing capacity on any one pool for provisioning the desired circuit. The  
user can look at the distribution of the existing circuits among the two pools and decide which circuits  
to delete in order to free up space for the desired circuit.  
Figure 16-4 CE-100T-8 STS/ VT Allocation Tab  
Port 5 belongs to Pool 2  
For example if a user needs to provision an STS-3c or STS-1-3v on the CE-100T-8 card shown in  
Figure 16-4, an STS-3c or STS-1-3v worth of bandwidth is not available from either of the two pools.  
The user needs to delete circuits from the same pool to free up bandwidth. If the bandwidth is available  
but scattered among the pools, the circuit cannot be provisioned.  
Looking at the POS Port Map table, the user can determine which circuits belong to which pools. The  
Pool and Port columns in Figure 16-4 show that the circuit on port 5 is drawn from Pool 2, and no other  
circuits are drawn from Pool 2. Deleting this one circuit will free up an STS-3c or STS-1-3v worth of  
bandwidth from a single pool.  
The POS Port table has a row for each port with three columns (Figure 16-4). They show the port  
number, the circuit size and type, and the pool it is drawn from. The Pool Utilization table has two  
columns and shows the pool number, the type of circuits on that pool, how much of the pool’s capacity  
is being used, and whether additional capacity is available.  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
CE-100T-8 VCAT Characteristics  
The ML-100T-8 card and the CE-100T-8 card (both the ONS 15310-CL version and the ONS 15454  
SONET/SDH version) have hardware-based support for the ITU-T G.7042 standard link capacity  
adjustment scheme (LCAS). This allows the user to dynamically resize a high order or low order VCAT  
circuit through CTC or TL1 without affecting other members of the VCG (errorless). ML-100T-8 LCAS  
support is high order only and is limited to a two member VCG.  
The ONS 15454 SONET/SDH ML-Series card has a software-based LCAS (SW-LCAS) scheme. This  
scheme is also supported by both the ML-100T-8 card and both versions of the CE-100T-8, but only for  
circuits terminating on a ONS 15454 SONET/SDH ML-Series card.  
The CE-100T-8 card allows independent routing and protection preferences for each member of a VCAT  
circuit. The user can also control the amount of VCAT circuit capacity that is fully protected, unprotected  
or if the circuit is on a bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR), uses protection channel access (PCA).  
Alarms are supported on a per-member as well as per virtual concatenation group (VCG) basis.  
Note  
The maximum tolerable VCAT differential delay for the CE-100T-8 is 48 milliseconds. The VCAT  
differential delay is the relative arrival time measurement between members of a virtual concatenation  
group (VCG).  
CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC  
The CE-100T-8 uses Cisco EoS LEX (LEX). LEX is the primary encapsulation of ONS Ethernet cards.  
In this encapsulation the protocol field is set to the values specified in Internet Engineering Task Force  
(IETF) Request For Comments (RFC) 1841. The user can provision GPF-F framing (default) or  
high-level data link control (HDLC) framing. With GFP-F framing, the user can also configure a 32-bit  
CRC (the default) or no CRC (none). When LEX is used over GFP-F it is standard Mapped Ethernet over  
GFP-F according to ITU-T G.7041. HDLC framing provides a set 32-bit CRC.  
Figure 16-5 illustrates CE-100T-8 framing and encapsulation.  
Figure 16-5 ONS CE-100T-8 Encapsulation and Fram ing Options  
GFP-F Frame Types  
GFP-Mapped  
Ethernet (LEX)  
LEX  
Encapsulation  
Core  
Header  
Payload  
Header  
Flag Address Control Protocol Payload FCS  
HDLC Framing Mode  
Payload  
FCS  
or  
GFP-F Framing Mode  
Transport Overhead  
SONET/SDH Payload Envelope  
SONET/SDH Frame  
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Chapter 16 CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features  
The CE-100T-8 card supports GFP-F null mode. GFP-F CMFs are counted and discarded.  
The CE-100T-8 card is interoperable with the ML-100T-8 card and several other ONS Ethernet cards.  
For specific details on ONS Ethernet card interoperability, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards”  
chapter of the Ethernet Card Guide Software Feature and Configuration Guide—for the ONS 15454,  
ONS 15454 SDH and ONS 15327.  
CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms  
The CE-100T-8 card supports terminal and facility loopbacks when in the Out of Service, Maintenance  
state (OOS, MT). It also reports SONET alarms and transmits and monitors the J1 Path Trace byte in the  
same manner as OC-N cards. Support for path termination functions includes:  
H1 and H2 concatenation indication  
C2 signal label  
Bit interleaved parity 3 (BIP-3) generation  
G1 path status indication  
C2 path signal label read/write  
Path level alarms and conditions, including loss of pointer, unequipped, payload mismatch, alarm  
indication signal (AIS) detection, and remote defect indication (RDI)  
J1 path trace for high order paths  
J2 path trace for low order paths  
J2 path trace for low order VCAT circuits at the member level  
Extended signal label for the low order paths  
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